Python on ByteJog

Python中ssl.SSLCertVerificationError处理

Sat, 28 Jun 2025 22:55:49 +0800

在做同步指定时间的Garmin运动记录到不同账号的时候碰到一个诡异的报错，因为重装了系统就出现问题，让我觉得系统出现什么问题。

在编写python脚本的时候，需要提前获取一下Garmin账号密钥，于是执行下面的命令。

python run_page/get_garmin_secret.py 账号 "密码" --is-cn

报错啦。。。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 464, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 1093, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 790, in connect
    sock_and_verified = _ssl_wrap_socket_and_match_hostname(
        sock=sock,
    ...<14 lines>...
        assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
    )
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 969, in _ssl_wrap_socket_and_match_hostname
    ssl_sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
        sock=sock,
    ...<8 lines>...
        tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
    )
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 480, in ssl_wrap_socket
    ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname)
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 524, in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl
    return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ssl.py", line 455, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        sock=sock,
        ^^^^^^^^^^
    ...<5 lines>...
        session=session
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ssl.py", line 1076, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ssl.py", line 1372, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1028)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen
    response = self._make_request(
        conn,
    ...<10 lines>...
        **response_kw,
    )
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 488, in _make_request
    raise new_e
urllib3.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1028)

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 667, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
        method=request.method,
    ...<9 lines>...
        chunked=chunked,
    )
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 871, in urlopen
    return self.urlopen(
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        method,
        ^^^^^^^
    ...<13 lines>...
        **response_kw,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 871, in urlopen
    return self.urlopen(
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        method,
        ^^^^^^^
    ...<13 lines>...
        **response_kw,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 871, in urlopen
    return self.urlopen(
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        method,
        ^^^^^^^
    ...<13 lines>...
        **response_kw,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
        method, url, error=new_e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
    )
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 519, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='sso.garmin.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /sso/embed?id=gauth-widget&embedWidget=true&gauthHost=https%3A%2F%2Fsso.garmin.cn%2Fsso (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1028)')))                                                                                                                                                                      

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/run_page/get_garmin_secret.py", line 18, in <module>
    garth.login(options.email, options.password)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/garth/http.py", line 167, in login
    self.oauth1_token, self.oauth2_token = sso.login(
                                           ~~~~~~~~~^
        *args, **kwargs, client=self
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/garth/sso.py", line 92, in login
    client.get("sso", "/sso/embed", params=SSO_EMBED_PARAMS)
    ~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/garth/http.py", line 155, in get
    return self.request("GET", *args, **kwargs)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/garth/http.py", line 138, in request
    self.last_resp = self.sess.request(
                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        method,
        ^^^^^^^
    ...<3 lines>...
        **kwargs,
        ^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 589, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 703, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/xxx/PycharmProjects/workouts_page/venv313/lib/python3.13/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 698, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='sso.garmin.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /sso/embed?id=gauth-widget&embedWidget=true&gauthHost=https%3A%2F%2Fsso.garmin.cn%2Fsso (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1028)')))

问题扔给GPT，看看解决方法。

Matplotlib绘图中文乱码解决方法

Sat, 26 Oct 2024 13:28:43 +0800

使用python的matplotlib的库生成图片时，中文字体可能会现实乱码（方块），因为matplotlib默认的字体不支持显示中文。

检查Matplotlib环境

查看matplotlib字体配置文件路径

import matplotlib
print(matplotlib.matplotlib_fname())

返回matplotlibrc 文件路径，如：

/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

可以得到 ttf 字体文件的路径：

/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf

import matplotlib
print(matplotlib.get_cachedir())

返回的缓存路径，如：

/home/xxx/.cache/matplotlib

TTF字体文件获取

从Windows系统获取字体

# 如微软雅黑
c:\windows\fonts\msyh.ttc

网络搜索TTF中文字体

配置Matplotlib使用中文字体

方法1: 使用font_manager模块加载字体使用

 from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
 font = FontProperties(fname='下载的ttf文件路径', size=12)
 
 plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
 plt.title('中文标题', fontproperties=font)
 plt.show()

适合于简单的使用plt场景

方法2: 设置matplotlib字体参数

拷贝字体文件到matplotlib的 ttf 字体文件的路径下
删除matplotlib缓存目录下的json文件
查看字体的Family Name

from matplotlib import font_manager 
for font in font_manager.fontManager.ttflist: 
  print(font.fname,font.name)

输出如下数据：

/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/msyh.ttc Microsoft YaHei

Family Name 为Microsoft YaHei。
注意，没有输出新加入的字体，需要删除缓存目录下的json文件。
4. 使用示例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib 
# 指定默认字体 
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Microsoft YaHei' # 或其他支持中文的字体 
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 
plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]) 
plt.title('中文标题') 
plt.show()